In LIBS, a high-intensity pulsed laser beam is focused on the surface to be analyzed. The team at the WEST tokamak in France is testing a new kind of diagnostic, called the fibered LIBS (for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy), to characterize internal surfaces of WEST and later ITER. Read more about lattice confinement fusion on the IEEE Spectrum here.ĭuring the operation of a fusion machine, it is important to know the surface composition of the plasma-facing components, which can evolve over time (erosion, oxidation.) and modify plasma interaction conditions. "If the reaction rates can be significantly boosted, LCF may open an entirely new door for generating clean nuclear energy, both for space missions and for the many people who could use it here on Earth." "Our work represents just the first step toward realizing that goal," say the scientists involved in this endeavour. And sometimes that energy is enough for deuterons to fuse into a helium-3 nucleus (helion) and give off useful energy. A leftover neutron could provide the push for another energetic deuteron elsewhere in the lattice. The energetic neutron has a chance of colliding with another deuteron in the lattice, imparting it with some of its energy. Occasionally, gamma rays of sufficient energy will break apart a deuteron in the metal lattice into its constituent proton and neutron. In lattice confinement fusion (LCF), a beam of gamma rays is directed at a sample of erbium or titanium saturated with deuterium nuclei (deuteron). Called "lattice confinement fusion," it could one day provide enough power to operate small space probes or rovers for planetary exploration. Now, a third approach is being considered and experimented at NASA's Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio. In inertial fusion an array of hundreds of powerful lasers, precisely focused, is used to compress to extreme density (and hence very high temperature) tiny hydrogen-filled capsules inside which fusion reactions can occur. Another, called inertial fusion, is implemented in installations such as the American National Ignition Facility (NIF) or the French Laser Mégajoule. One, implemented in tokamaks and stellarators, consists in heating a very tenuous plasma to temperatures in the 100 million degrees Celsius range and to confine it in a magnetic cage-this is magnetic fusion. There are presently two approaches to realizing hydrogen fusion.
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See the full ITER Talks playlist on YouTube here. Watch the seventh episode of ITER Talks here. By the end of the talk, you'll know (a lot) more about the unique capabilities of the ITER experimental device.Ī note to viewers: This ITER Talk goes hand in hand with ITER Talk (6)-"Tokamak Physics for Nuclear Fusion" by the head of the ITER Science Division Alberto Loarte (viewable here). Learn about the staggered assembly of key systems, the specific goals of each operation phase, the means to achieve the goals, and the importance of robust plasma control.
The ITER Research Plan will proceed in four stages-a careful step-by-step strategy designed to achieve high plasma performance operation up to a plasma current of 15 MA, with key milestones along the way. What does the "Q" in ITER's goal of Q=10 stand for? How will the machine and its systems be prepped for operation? What are the different steps between First Plasma and full fusion power operation? In this ITER Talk, the seventh in the series, ITER scientific expert Joseph Snipes walks us through plans for ITER operation.
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